By applying machines and a mechanized work cycle, mass and standardized production is achieved. The focus of industrial policy is on the meaningful improvement of industry growth for the effective achievement of criteria in order to achieve the goals and objectives of industrialization. Industry began to develop first in England, but initially developed very slowly. Based on the development of science and technology, innovation, and competitiveness, today we have an extremely developed industry, unlike its start-ups. Science and technology are concepts that very often come together as a single entity and eventually combine into new discoveries that have made a significant contribution to the development of the industry that we have today. The fourth industrial revolution or as it is mostly called Industry 4.0 sought as its main goal to implement the latest technologies in production. The main contribution of industry 4.0 is characterized by the digitization of the industry through the connection between machines, warehouses, logistics and equipment. The application of new technologies has opened the door to an independent exchange of information. In industry 4.0, smart factories have been created, where brands are generalized, -and production periods are clearly identified. Given the development and application of industry 4.0, there have been major changes in the economy, especially in the labour market. While industry 4.0 leads to increased production, it can put many jobs at risk. Despite the propulsive growth of industrial production, the process of deindustrialization is still evident. Thus, despite the significant progress of industry and impact on the innovation and competitiveness of entire nations, the process of deindustrialization can be observed in many countries. In this thesis, the dual countries will be analysed.