Gray wolf (Canis lupus L.) is nowadays strictly protected animal species in the Republic of Croatia. Protection of wolf is additionally regulated by relevant international conventions and the European Union legislation. The wolf population in Croatia belongs to Dinaric-Balkan population, which inhabits Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and further up to south of Dinarides. It permanently occupies regions of Gorski kotar, Lika, Banovina and Dalmatia. Average population size is about 200 individuals. Conservation and management of wolf population in Croatia are implemented through the Management Plan, valid for five years, adopted by the Ministry responsible for the nature protection. This guiding document specifies activities that are needed to be implemented for achieving the main goals: securing long-term survival of wolf population; abatement of the human-wolf relation, and establishing transboundary co-operation with neighbouring countries. Wolves are carnivores and apical predator residing at the top of a trophic pyramid. Their main prey is cloven-hoofed animals: deer, roe deer, and wild boar, while in absence of natural prey they attack domestic animals. Thus, damages done by wolf are unavoidable for hunters in game management and domestic animal keeping. Permanent monitoring is required for reliable determination of the population size and distribution in Croatia, as well as of wolf population, as of its natural prey.