| Abstract | Križarski ratovi vođeni su, u osnovi, između kršćana i muslimana od 11. do 13. stoljeća. Budući da su muslimani onemogućavali dolazak hodočasnika na Sveta mjesta, kršćani su odlučili osloboditi ta ista mjesta. Prvi križarski pohod bio je uspješan i osnovano je Jeruzalemsko kraljevstvo, ali ono propada već u drugom pohodu. Tri viteška reda, koja nastaju reakcijom započetih križarskih ratova, bila su Templari Ivanovci i Teutonci. Četvrti križarski pohod pokrenut je pozivom Inocenta III. Križari sklapaju sporazum s Mlečanima, vođenima duždem Dandolom, kako bi ostvarili svoje putovanje prema Istoku. Radi duga prema Mlečanima, križari su primorani osvojiti Zadar. Aleksej Anđel pomoću križara vraća svoje pravo na vlast u Carigradu, ostvaruje ga, ali ono zbog njegove nesposobnosti preuzima uzurpator Aleksije V. Nijedan od vladara ne isplaćuje dug križarima te oni, kako bi nastavili pohod, osvajaju Carigrad i uspostavljaju Latinsko carstvo koje nije bilo dugog vijeka. Dječji križarski pohod bio je totalni promašaj, već u samom početku, a i ostali križarski pohodi nisu ostvarili željeni cilj. |
| Abstract (english) | The Crusades were fought, basically, between Christians and Muslims from the 11th to the 13th centuries. Because the Muslims were preventing the pilgrims from coming to the Holy Places, the Christians decided to liberate those same places. The first crusade was successful and the Kingdom of Jerusalem was founded, but it already collapsed in the second crusade. The three knightly orders, formed by the reaction of the Crusades, were the Templars, the Ivans and the Teutons. The Fourth Crusade was launched at the invitation of Innocent III. The Crusaders make an agreement with the Venetians, led by Doge Dandol, to carry out their journey to the East. Due to the debt to the Venetians, the Crusaders were forced to conquer Zadar. Alexios Angelos, with the help of the Crusaders, regains his right to power in Constantinople, exercised it, but due to his incompetence it was taken over by the usurper Alexius V. None of the rulers paid the debt to the Crusaders, and to continue the campaign, they conquered Constantinople and established the Latin Empire, which did not last long. The Children's Crusade was a total failure, already in the very beginning, and other crusades did not achieve the desired goal. |
